Thursday, December 22, 2011

How To Found, Grow, and Sell A Social Good Startup (TCTV)

GamesThatGive PlayMost entrepreneurs found companies to solve a problem. Adam Archer founded GamesThatGive to save the world. Archer left Apple in 2008 to backpack across the world, and along the way he was inspired to start the company. GamesThatGive builds social games where users earn money for charity by playing thanks to sponsorships from major brands. It raised a little over $1 million dollars before selling to Facebook Page management platform Vitrue earlier this year. Watch as we talk to Archer about the challenges and advantages of starting a social good company, and how one can make a difference in the world and still turn a profit.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/Xy1AKxqFNJg/

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Monday, December 19, 2011

Genome tree of life is largest yet for seed plants

Friday, December 16, 2011

Scientists at the American Museum of Natural History, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, The New York Botanical Garden, and New York University have created the largest genome-based tree of life for seed plants to date. Their findings, published today in the journal PLoS Genetics, plot the evolutionary relationships of 150 different species of plants based on advanced genome-wide analysis of gene structure and function. This new approach, called "functional phylogenomics," allows scientists to reconstruct the pattern of events that led to the vast number of plant species and could help identify genes used to improve seed quality for agriculture.

"Ever since Darwin first described the 'abominable mystery' behind the rapid explosion of flowering plants in the fossil record, evolutionary biologists have been trying to understand the genetic and genomic basis of the astounding diversity of plant species," said Rob DeSalle, a corresponding author on the paper and a curator in the Museum's Division of Invertebrate Zoology who conducts research at the Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics. "Having the architecture of this plant tree of life allows us to start to decipher some of the interesting aspects of evolutionary innovations that have occurred in this group."

The research, performed by members of the New York Plant Genomics Consortium, was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Plant Genome Program to identify the genes that caused the evolution of seeds, a trait of important economic interest. The group selected 150 representative species from all of the major seed plant groups to include in the study. The species span from the flowering variety?peanuts and dandelions, for example?to non-flowering cone plants like spruce and pine. The sequences of the plants' genomes?all of the biological information needed to build and maintain an organism, encoded in DNA?were either culled from pre-existing databases or generated, in the field and at The New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx, from live specimens.

With new algorithms developed at the Museum and NYU and the processing power of supercomputers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and overseas, the sequences?nearly 23,000 sets of genes (specific sections of DNA that code for certain proteins)?were grouped, ordered, and organized in a tree according to their evolutionary relationships. Algorithms that determine similarities of biological processes were used to identify the genes underlying species diversity.

"Previously, phylogenetic trees were constructed from standard sets of genes and were used to identify the relationships of species," said Gloria Coruzzi, a professor in New York University's Center for Genomics and Systems Biology and the principal investigator of the NSF grant. "In our novel approach, we create the phylogeny based on all the genes in a genome, and then use the phylogeny to identify which genes provide positive support for the divergence of species."

The results support major hypotheses about evolutionary relationships in seed plants. The most interesting finding is that gnetophytes, a group that consists mostly of shrubs and woody vines, are the most primitive living non-flowering seed plants?present since the late Mesozoic era, the "age of dinosaurs." They are situated at the base of the evolutionary tree of seed plants.

"This study resolves the long-standing problem of producing an unequivocal evolutionary tree of the seed plants," said Dennis Stevenson, vice president for laboratory research at The New York Botanical Garden. "We can then use this information to determine when and where important adaptations occur and how they relate to plant diversification. We also can examine the evolution of such features as drought tolerance, disease resistance, or crop yields that sustain human life through improved agriculture."

In addition, the researchers were able to make predictions about genes that caused the evolution of important plant characteristics. One such evolutionary signal is RNA interference, a process that cells use to turn down or silence the activity of specific genes. Based on their new phylogenomic maps, the researchers believe that RNA interference played a large role in the separation of monocots?plants that have a single seed leaf, including orchids, rice, and sugar cane?from other flowering plants. Even more surprising, RNA interference also played a major role in the emergence of flowering plants themselves.

"Genes required for the production of small RNA in seeds were at the very top of the list of genes responsible for the evolution of flowering plants from cone plants," said Rob Martienssen, a professor at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. "In collaboration with colleagues from LANGEBIO [Laboratorio Nacional de Genomica para la Biodiversidad] in Mexico last year, we found that these same genes control maternal reproduction, providing remarkable insight into the evolution of reproductive strategy in flowering plants."

The data and software resources generated by the researchers are publicly available and will allow other comparative genomic researchers to exploit plant diversity to identify genes associated with a trait of interest or agronomic value. These studies could have implications for improving the quality of seeds and, in turn, agricultural products ranging from food to clothing.

In addition, the phylogenomic approach used in this study could be applied to other groups of organisms to further explore how species originated, expanded, and diversified.

"The collaboration among the institutions involved here is a great example of how modern science works," said Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis, a term assistant professor at Columbia University's Barnard College and a research associate at the Museum's Sackler Institute. "Each of the four institutions involved has its own strengths and these strengths were nicely interwoven to produce a novel vision of plant evolution."

###

American Museum of Natural History: http://www.amnh.org

Thanks to American Museum of Natural History for this article.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/116103/Genome_tree_of_life_is_largest_yet_for_seed_plants

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Sunday, December 18, 2011

Rural students suffer under New York state aid losses (Rochester Democrat and Chronicle)

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Egypt's military clashes with protesters; 9 killed (AP)

CAIRO ? Hundreds of Egyptian soldiers swept into Cairo's Tahrir Square on Saturday, chasing protesters and beating them to the ground with sticks and tossing journalists' TV cameras off of balconies in the second day of a violent crackdown on antimilitary protesters that has left nine dead and hundreds injured.

The violent, chaotic scenes suggested that the military ? fresh after the first rounds of parliament elections that it claimed bolstered its status as the country's rulers ? was now determined to stamp out protests by activists demanding it transfer power immediately to civilians.

TV footage, pictures and eyewitnesses accounts showed a new level of force being used by the military against pro-democracy activists the past two days. Military police openly beat women protesters in the street, slap elders on the face, and pulled the shirt off of at least one veiled woman as she struggled on the pavement. Witnesses said they beat and gave electric shocks to men and women dragged into detention, many of them held in the nearby parliament or Cabinet buildings, witnesses said.

Aya Emad, a 24-year-old protester, had a broken nose, her arm in a sling, her other arm bruised. She told Associated Press that troops dragged her by her headscarf and hair into the Cabinet headquarters. She said soldiers kicked her on the ground, an officer shocked her with an electrical prod and another slapped her on the face.

With Egypt in the midst of multistage parliamentary elections, the violence threatens to spark a new cycle of fighting after deadly clashes between youth revolutionaries and security forces in November that lasted for days and left more than 40 dead. The clashes in November involved the widely disliked police force. But in a key difference, this time the police have stayed away and the crackdown is being led entirely by the military.

That could indicate a new confidence among the military that it has backing of the broader public ? after elections held under its watch that saw heavy turnout, were largely peaceful and the fairest and freest in living memory.

Ahmed Abdel-Samei, who came to check on Tahrir Square, said he opposes protests. "Elections were the first step. This was a beginning to stability," the 29-year-old said. "Now we are going 10 steps back."

Noor Noor, an activist who was beaten up trying to protect Emad, said, "Public opinion is addicted or naturally inclined to favor stability or the illusion of it. But in time, it will be hard for the army to cover everything up."

The heavy-handed crackdown could galvanize the military's opponents and even some in the public who praised the army for delivering clean elections. Among those killed Friday was an eminent 52-year-old Muslim cleric from Al-Azhar, Egypt's most respected religious institution. At the funeral Saturday of Sheik Emad Effat, who was shot in the chest, hundreds chanted "Retribution, retribution," and marched from the cemetery to Tahrir.

Tahrir and streets leading to the nearby parliament and Cabinet headquarters looked like war zones. The military set up concrete walls between the square and parliament, but clashes continued.

Flames leaped from the windows of the state geographical society, which protesters pelted with firebombs after military police on the roof rained stones and firebombs down on them. Stones, dirt and shattered glass littered the streets around parliament.

Protesters grabbed helmets, sheets of metal and even satellite dishes to protect themselves from stones from troops above.

In the afternoon, troops charged into Tahrir, swinging truncheons and long sticks, chasing out protesters and setting fire to their tents. Footage broadcast on the private Egyptian CBC television network showed soldiers beating two protesters with sticks, repeatedly stomping on the head of one, before leaving the motionless bodies on the pavement.

The troops swept into buildings from which television crews were filming from and confiscated their equipment and briefly detained journalists.

In one case, plainclothes officers charged up the stairs of a hotel from which Al-Jazeera TV was filming the turmoil below and demanded a female hotel worker tell them where the media crew was or else they would beat her up, a member of the Al-Jazeera crew said. "The woman was screaming and saying I don't know," the crew member said speaking on condition of anonymity because of security concerns. The soldiers threw the Al-Jazeera crew's equipment from the balcony, including cameras, batteries and lighting equipment to the streets, landing on a sweet potato cart whose stove started a fire.

Troops also stormed a field hospital set up protesters next to a mosque in Tahrir, throwing medicine and equipment into the street, protester Islam Mohammed said.

At least nine people have been killed and around 300 people injured in the two days of clashes, the Health Ministry said.

A journalist who was briefly detained by the military forces told Associated Press that he was beaten up with sticks and fists while being led to inside a parliament building, next to Cabinet headquarters.

"They were cursing me saying 'you media are traitors, you tarnish our image and you are biased."

He also saw a group of men and one young woman being beaten: Each was surrounded by six or seven soldiers in uniform and plainclothes beating him or her with sticks or steel bars or giving electrical shocks with prods. "Blood covered the floor, and an officer was telling the soldiers to wipe the blood," said the journalist, who asked not to be identified for security concerns.

Mona Seif, an activist who was briefly detained during violence Friday, said she saw an officer repeatedly slapping a detained old woman in the face, telling her to apologize for objecting to the mistreatment.

"It was a humiliating scene," Seif told the private TV network Al-Tahrir. "I have never seen this in my life.

Pictures posted online by activists during Friday's fighting showed military police dragging several women by the hair, including young activists wearing the religious headscarf. One photo showed soldiers beating up a woman who appeared in her 50s.

Tahrir was the epicenter of the 18-day wave of protests that ousted Mubarak. The military was welcomed by many when it took power and proclaimed itself a partner in and protector of the revolution. Since then, tensions with activists have swelled. In a statement Saturday, the military denied targeting "Egypt's revolutionaries," saying it was pursuing "thugs" who hurled firebombs at its forces at the Cabinet.

Egypt's new, military-appointed interim prime minister defended the security forces' response. He denied the military or police shot at protesters, saying gunfire came from an unidentified group that "came from the back and fired at protesters."

He accused the antimilitary protests that have been held for weeks outside the Cabinet building of being "anti-revolution."

In a potential embarrassment to the military, a civilian advisory panel it created this month suspended its work, demanding an immediate end to violence and a formal apology from the ruling military council. Eight of its members resigned in protest of the crackdown.

The latest round of violence touched off late Thursday after soldiers stormed the antimilitary protest camp outside the Cabinet building near Tahrir Square, expelling demonstrators demanding an end to military rule and an immediate transfer of power to a civilian authority. Witnesses said troops snatched a protester, taking him into the parliament building and beating him.

Mustafa Ali, a protester who was wounded by pellet shot in clashes last month, accused the ruling generals Saturday of instigating the violence to "find a justification to remain in power and divide up people into factions."

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/topstories/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111217/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_egypt

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Saturday, December 17, 2011

AP-GfK Poll: Most Americans want payroll tax extension, remain furious with Congress, politics (Star Tribune)

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Congress leaders hope deal near on gov't shutdown (AP)

WASHINGTON ? Senate and House leaders are expressing optimism that a bipartisan deal may be near that can avert a government shutdown.

House Speaker John Boehner told reporters Thursday there is no need to close the government.

Earlier, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid said he and the chamber's top Republican, Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, have held talks to resolve remaining disputes over extending the Social Security payroll tax, renewing jobless benefits and heading off a shutdown.

Boehner applauded Reid's remarks and said "everybody needs to step back and take a deep breath" ? and strike a deal.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/economy/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111215/ap_on_go_co/us_congress_rdp

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Friday, December 16, 2011

Finest Guides on Investing | Articles

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Need to Examine Publications on Investing
The Intelligent Investo
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Trading to get a {Living|Residing|Dwelling
If you?re a newbie trader, this book by Alexander Elder needs to be taken care of like a trade bible. It tells you in regards to the facts involved with shrewd and safe and sound investing. The creator also talks about some neglected still crucial elements involved with investing, for example customer psychology, funds and asset administration, and technicalities involved with investing, etc. It talks about one of several most important elements of investing and that is the trader. So, it?s one of several all time classics that you simply need to have in case you are a newbee in a very business.
The new Marketplace Wizar
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9 Methods to Fiscal {Freedom|Flexibility|Independence|Liberty
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* The Disciplined Trader- Mark Douglas
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* Technical Analysis of your Fiscal Market- John J Murphy
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* Reminiscences of the Stock Operator- Edwin Lefevre
* The Master Swing Trader- Alan S Farley
* The Long term for Investors- Jeremy Siegel
* Beating the Street- Peter Lynch
* You may Be a Stock Marketplace Genius- Joel Greenblatt
These had been several of the guides which will enlighten and teach you in regards to the basic principles and latest developments involved with expense marketplace. So endeavor to read through as numerous of them as possible to obtain an substantial knowledge about expense and financial system. You might not become the following finance guru nonetheless it would surely make it easier to take care of and spend your tough attained prosperity smartly.

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Source: http://eastcountyfjc.org/?p=206

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